Assessment of offshore liquid hydrogen production from wind power for ship refueling

Green hydrogen from electrolysis has become the most attractive energy carrier for making the transition from fossil fuels to carbon-free energy sources possible. Especially in the naval sector, hydrogen has the potential to address environmental targets due to the lack of low-carbon fuel options. This study aims at investigating an offshore liquefied green hydrogen production plant for ship refueling. The plant comprises a wind farm for renewable electricity generation, an electrolyzer stack for hydrogen production, a water treatment unit for demineralized water production, and a hydrogen liquefaction plant for hydrogen storage and distribution to ships. A pre-feasibility study is addressed to find the optimal capacities of the plant that minimize the payback time. The model results show that the electrolyzer capacity shall be set equal to a value between 80% and 90% of the wind farm capacity to achieve the minimum payback times. Additionally, the wind farm capacity shall be higher than about 150 MW to limit the payback time to values lower than 11 years for a fixed hydrogen price of 6 €/kg. The Levelized Cost of Hydrogen results to be below 4 €/kg for a wide range of plant capacities for a lifetime of the plant of 25 years. Thus, the model shows that this plant is economically feasible and can be reproduced similarly for different locations by rescaling the different selected technologies. In this way, the naval sector can be decarbonized thanks to a new infrastructure for the production and refueling of liquified green hydrogen directly provided on the sea.     

Insights into low-carbon hydrogen production methods: Green,blue and aqua hydrogen

The primary aim of this study is to provide insights into different low-carbon hydrogen production methods. Low-carbon hydrogen includes green hydrogen (hydrogen from renewable electricity), blue hydrogen (hydrogen from fossil fuels with CO₂ emissions reduced by the use of Carbon Capture Use and Storage) and aqua hydrogen (hydrogen from fossil fuels via the new technology). Green hydrogen is an expensive strategy compared to fossil-based hydrogen. Blue hydrogen has some attractive features, but the CCUS technology is high cost and blue hydrogen is not inherently carbon free. Therefore, engineering scientists have been focusing on developing other low-cost and low-carbon hydrogen technology. A new economical technology to extract hydrogen from oil sands (natural bitumen) and oil fields with very low cost and without carbon emissions has been developed and commercialized in Western Canada. Aqua hydrogen is a term we have coined for production of hydrogen from this new hydrogen production technology. Aqua is a color halfway between green and blue and thus represents a form of hydrogen production that does not emit CO₂, like green hydrogen, yet is produced from fossil fuel energy, like blue hydrogen. Unlike CCUS, blue hydrogen, which is clearly compensatory with respect to carbon emissions as it captures, uses and stores produced CO₂, the new production method is transformative in that it does not emit CO₂ in the first place. In order to promote the development of the low-carbon hydrogen economy, the current challenges, future directions and policy recommendations of low-carbon hydrogen production methods including green hydrogen, blue hydrogen, and aqua hydrogen are investigated in the paper.     

循证之证与康复之途*—— CCRC社区中的康复花园循证设计探索

疫情下医养机构封闭化管理已经步入 常态化，老年居民的心理健康受到了抑郁、焦虑 等问题的挑战。康复花园作为养老社区中重要 的心理生理康复空间，需以循证设计为原则， 为新形势下的养老社区提供切实可行的康复空 间。本文以西南地区某持续照护型（CCRC）养 老社区项目实践为载体，梳理阐述循证设计在 康复花园中完整的运用实践路径，总结我国循 证设计流程模型，为风景园林的循证实践提供 全链条式的解析和验证。本文尝试提出基于系 统医学评估指标的证据收集创新体系，为康复 花园循证设计提供运用实例，对康复花园的康 复绩效提出基于证据的定量评估模式。     

陈从周中国园林研究的学术史情境初探:与刘敦桢、童寯的关联与比较

将陈从周的中国园林研究放入学术史的脉络情境,重点考察陈从周与刘敦桢、童寯两位前辈的关联,在认识学术影响的同时也关注陈从周先生园林研究的自身独到特色,从而更清晰地理解陈从周先生的中国园林研究的历史贡献,并对20世纪中国园林学术史得到更深入认识。     

望行游居：明代周廷策与止园飞云峰

晚明江南造园兴盛,呈现出日益专业化的倾向,涌现出一批造园名家,周廷策即其中之一,其代表作为止园飞云峰。首先梳理周秉忠、周廷策父子的相关史料,总结其作品的艺术特征;继而结合诗文绘画对止园飞云峰进行复原分析,并从可望、可行、可游、可居4个角度探讨飞云峰的营筑意匠。指出以飞云峰为代表的周氏叠山,既继承了魏晋以来"小中见大"的叠山传统,又体现了晚明画意影响造园的时代新风,具有重要的艺术价值和历史地位。     

威廉·钱伯斯爵士与邱园

威廉·钱伯斯爵士对东西方园林艺术交流、英国自然式园林的发展有着积极的推动作用。通过介绍钱伯斯生平及其有关中国的建筑、园林论著,梳理了钱伯斯对中国园林艺术认知的缘由、发展和观点,在此基础上阐述钱伯斯时代的邱园建造的背景、特征及变化,总结钱伯斯开创的"绘画式"风景园的风格特点。不同于肯特和布朗关于自然与艺术的看法,钱伯斯提出园林艺术应源于自然、高于自然的思想,并在自然与艺术的融合方面进行了大胆的尝试。     

格式塔心理学视角下的文人园林审美解读 ——以网师园为例

文人园林的审美是古典园林研究的 重要问题。在传统文化的熏陶下,我们强调 对文人园林的诗性感悟和外形模仿,缺乏对 园林审美本质的追问。本文运用格式塔心理 学整体论和同型论的观点,从园林主题、造 园手法和园林题咏方面分析文人园林网师园 的审美特点,认为园的主题的确立与消隐是 审美心物场逐渐转变的外在表现;造园手法 是知觉组织原则的综合应用;园林题咏唤起 了“心”与“物”的同型,营造了丰富的景观意 象,促使着审美经验的完形。研究认为,格式 塔心理学原理有助于理解文人园林意境的生 成,但在分析个人和群体的审美知觉差异方 面较为不足。     

重塑精神家园--论中国当代艺术设计

本文首先就建筑、环境、禅文化等相关概念作了一个初步的阐释;接着概略地分析了中国禅文化的发展和及其与中国古代建筑环境的关系,以及当代建筑建筑环境艺术所面临的挑战;最后着重就中国当代建筑建筑环境艺术如何承传与发扬中国禅文化,设计出有中国民族特色的建筑环境艺术等问题提出了个人的看法;进而指出重塑精神家园将也必将是中国现代艺术设计发展的最终选择。     

北京私家园林的理水艺术

北京相对缺水,但元明清以来也出现了很多以水景见长的私家园林,一些水源丰富的大型园林拥有大面积的水面,而一些无法引取活水的宅园则通过打井和收集雨水的方法来获得水源。其理水手法十分丰富,能够形成池塘、湖泊、河流、泉水、瀑布等各种摹拟自然的水体形态,既受到江南园林的影响,也能够因地制宜,体现出鲜明的地方特色。结合大量文献描述和实例调研,对北京私家园林的理水手法进行了探讨和总结。     

中日古典园林哲学比较

中日两国古典园林的哲学基础都是儒、道、佛三家，但三家在中日两国园林中表现强弱有差异。中国突出儒家思想，以至于园林显出入世治世和诗情画意的文人气质；日本突出佛家思想，显出弃世厌世和枯禅清淡的僧徒气质。但是，两国园林都崇尚道家的自然山水观。